Which of the following would NOT be considered a derivative work?

A film adaptation of a novel without permission is correctly identified as not being considered a derivative work because a derivative work is a creation that is based on or derived from one or more existing works and has the permission of the original creator or copyright holder. When an adaptation is made without permission, it infringes on the original work’s copyright and lacks the legal authorization needed to be recognized as a legitimate derivative work. For a work to be classified as derivative, it must respect the rights of the original creator, which does not apply in the case of unauthorized adaptations.

In contrast, the other examples represent situations where derivative works may be validly created. Summarizing old texts with permission indicates clear authorization from the original authors, making it a legitimate derivative work. A report based on original research is foundationally new and does not rely on pre-existing copyrighted materials, which is why it is not a derivative work. Lastly, a remix of a song involves utilizing existing copyrighted material but is often done under specific conditions (e.g., sampling with permission or under certain licenses), allowing it to be recognized as a derivative work.